Toth C, Campbell BA, Bocca LF, Baker K, Hogue O, Tiefenbach J, Negrey J, Cunningham D, Machado AG and Baker KB (2026) Evaluation of the myogenic effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation at near therapeutic amplitudes. Front. Neurosci. 20:1733633. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2026.1733633

Correa JS, Siu R, Lorenz D, Hansen K, Cunningham DA, Sulzer JS. Homosynaptic Depression of the Soleus Predicts Post-Stroke Gait Speed. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2026 Jan 20;:9226028251413958. doi: 10.1177/09226028251413958. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 41557702.

Jin R*, Yuk J*, Ramani S, Cunningham DA. Contralesional Crossed Facilitation Impairs Bimanual Force Coordination in Chronic Stroke Survivors with Moderate-to-Mild Motor Impairment. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2025 Dec 30;:9226028251395702. doi: 10.1177/09226028251395702. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 41468031.

Knutson JS, Friedl AS, Hansen KM, Harley MY, Hogan SD, Cunningham DA, Hisel TZ, Plow EB, Barrett AM, Raghavan P, Boukrina O, Nahab F, Gunzler DD, Chae J. Contralaterally Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation for Upper Extremity Recovery Following Stroke: A Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial. Stroke. 2025 Nov 13;. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.125.052891. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 41230603; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12616541.

Yuk J, Hogan S, Wilson RD, Knutson J, Cunningham DA. Generalized tonic-clonic seizure following single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to the ipsilesional primary motor cortex in a participant with chronic stroke. Clin Neurophysiol. 2025 Oct;178:2110944. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2110944. Epub 2025 Jul 19. PubMed PMID: 40706106; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12459086.

Mark JI, Cunningham D, Cassidy JM. Advancing Stroke Recovery Through Operant Conditioning of Corticomuscular Coherence. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2025 Sep 24;:9226028251379344. doi: 10.1177/09226028251379344. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 40990797.

Liu J, Cantu M, O'Laughlin K, Cunningham D, Mohan A, Forrest GF, Kirshblum S, Kilgore K, Bryden A, Pundik S, Arora T, Nemunaitis G, Bethoux F, Wang X, Henzel MK, Plow EB. Characteristics of Ipsilateral Corticomotor Pathways in People with cervical spinal cord Injury. Clin Neurophysiol. 2025 Sep;177:2110762. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2025.2110762. Epub 2025 May 27. PubMed PMID: 40527684.

Krajewski KT, Correa Bs JS, Siu R, Cunningham D, Sulzer JS. Mechanisms of Post-stroke Stiff-Knee Gait: A Narrative Review. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2025 Jul 1;104(7):e101-e108. doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000002678. Epub 2025 Jan 16. Review. PubMed PMID: 39815400; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12187528.

Cunningham DA, Oleson CV, Peckham PH, Kilgore KL. Case studies in neuroscience: movement-related cortical stimulation to enhance corticospinal transmission in chronic incomplete spinal cord injury. J Neurophysiol. 2025 Jul 1;134(1):397-406. doi: 10.1152/jn.00083.2025. Epub 2025 Jul 3. PubMed PMID: 40610019.

Lin YL, Potter-Baker KA, Sankarasubramanian V, Cunningham DA, Li M, O'Laughlin K, Conforto AB, Wang X, Sakaie K, Knutson J, Machado AG, Plow EB. Stratification algorithm for repetitive TMS in stroke (START): Results from an exploratory crossover study. J Neurol Sci. 2025 Jun 15;473:123478. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2025.123478. Epub 2025 Mar 28. PubMed PMID: 40209285.

Malan NS, Gopalakrishnan R, Cunningham D, Hogue O, Baker KB, Machado AG. Human Cortico-Cerebellar Dynamics During Motor Error Processing After Stroke. Hum Brain Mapp. 2025 Jun 1;46(8):e70227. doi: 10.1002/hbm.70227. PubMed PMID: 40372092; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12079773.

Siu R, Lorenz D, Stahl J, Waschak M, Johnson D, Zakel J, Thompson A, Cunningham D, Sulzer J. Does Gait Assistance Modulate Reflex Excitability in Those with Spasticity? A Preliminary Study. IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot. 2025 May;2025:1112-1117. doi: 10.1109/ICORR66766.2025.11063094. PubMed PMID: 40644065.

Mohan A, Li X, Zhang B, Knutson JS, Widina M, Wang X, Uchino K, Plow EB, Cunningham DA. Evaluation of objective methods for analyzing ipsilateral motor evoked potentials in stroke survivors with chronic upper extremity motor impairment. J Neural Eng. 2025 Apr 22;22(2). doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/ada827. PubMed PMID: 39787702; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC12035742.

Knutson JS, Fu MJ, Cunningham DA, Hisel TZ, Friedl AS, Gunzler DD, Plow EB, Busch RM, Pundik S. Contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation video game therapy for hand rehabilitation after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. Disabil Rehabil. 2024 Sep;46(19):4466-4475. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2278174. Epub 2023 Nov 14. PubMed PMID: 37962171; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11090983.

Gopalakrishnan R*, Cunningham DA*, Hogue O, Schroedel M, Campbell BA, Baker KB, Machado AG. Electrophysiological Correlates of Dentate Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation for Poststroke Motor Recovery. J Neurosci. 2024 Jul 3;44(27). doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2149-23.2024. PubMed PMID: 38724284; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11223455.

Plow EB, Cunningham DA, Varnerin N, Machado A. Rethinking stimulation of the brain in stroke rehabilitation: why higher motor areas might be better alternatives for patients with greater impairments. Neuroscientist. 2015 Jun;21(3):225-40. doi: 10.1177/1073858414537381. Epub 2014 Jun 20. PubMed PMID: 24951091; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4440790.

Scott JM, Hackney K, Downs M, Guined J, Ploutz-Snyder R, Fiedler J, Cunningham D, Ploutz-Snyder L. The metabolic cost of an integrated exercise program performed during 14 days of bed rest. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2014 Jun;85(6):612-7. doi: 10.3357/asem.3772.2014. PubMed PMID: 24919381.

Baker KB, Plow EB, Nagel S, Rosenfeldt AB, Gopalakrishnan R, Clark C, Wyant A, Schroedel M, Ozinga J 4th, Davidson S, Hogue O, Floden D, Chen J, Ford PJ, Sankary L, Huang X, Cunningham DA, DiFilippo FP, Hu B, Jones SE, Bethoux F, Wolf SL, Chae J, Machado AG. Cerebellar deep brain stimulation for chronic post-stroke motor rehabilitation: a phase I trial. Nat Med. 2023 Sep;29(9):2366-2374. doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02507-0. Epub 2023 Aug 14. PubMed PMID: 37580534; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10504081.

Osman H*, Siu R*, Makowski NS, Knutson JS, Cunningham DA. Neurostimulation After Stroke. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2024 May;35(2):369-382. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2023.06.008. Epub 2023 Aug 21. Review. PubMed PMID: 38514224; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC11931552.

Unger RH, Lowe MJ, Beall EB, Bethoux F, Jones SE, Machado AG, Plow EB, Cunningham DA. Stimulation of the Premotor Cortex Enhances Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity in Association with Upper Limb Motor Recovery in Moderate-to-Severe Chronic Stroke. Brain Connect. 2023 Oct;13(8):453-463. doi: 10.1089/brain.2022.0064. Epub 2023 Apr 10. PubMed PMID: 36772802; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC10618814.

Gopalakrishnan R, Cunningham DA, Hogue O, Schroedel M, Campbell BA, Plow EB, Baker KB, Machado AG. Cortico-Cerebellar Connectivity Underlying Motor Control in Chronic Poststroke Individuals. J Neurosci. 2022 Jun 29;42(26):5186-5197. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2443-21.2022. PubMed PMID: 35610051; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9236286.

Mohan A, Knutson JS, Cunningham DA, Widina M, O'Laughlin K, Arora T, Li X, Sakaie K, Wang X, Uchino K, Plow EB. Contralaterally Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation Combined With Brain Stimulation for Severe Upper Limb Hemiplegia-Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Neurol. 2022;13:869733. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.869733. eCollection 2022. PubMed PMID: 35599736; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9117963.

Li X, Lin YL, Cunningham DA, Wolf SL, Sakaie K, Conforto AB, Machado AG, Mohan A, O'Laughlin K, Wang X, Widina M, Plow EB. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Contralesional Dorsal Premotor Cortex for Upper Extremity Motor Improvement in Severe Stroke: Study Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2022;51(5):557-564. doi: 10.1159/000521514. Epub 2022 Jan 20. PubMed PMID: 35051941; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC9296688.

Arora T, Potter-Baker K, O'Laughlin K, Li M, Wang X, Cunningham D, Bethoux F, Frost F, Plow EB. Measurement error and reliability of TMS metrics collected from biceps and triceps in individuals with chronic incomplete tetraplegia. Exp Brain Res. 2021 Oct;239(10):3077-3089. doi: 10.1007/s00221-021-06160-2. Epub 2021 Aug 10. PubMed PMID: 34374814.

Scott JM, Downs M, Martin DS, Hougland E, Sarmiento L, Arzeno N, Pettit DR, Ploutz-Snyder R, Cunningham D, Jones LW, Do R, Ploutz-Snyder L. Teleguided self-ultrasound scanning for longitudinal monitoring of muscle mass during spaceflight. iScience. 2021 Apr 23;24(4):102344. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102344. eCollection 2021 Apr 23. PubMed PMID: 33870138; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC8047175.

Lin YL, Cunningham DA, Plow EB. Reply to "On the issue of measuring interhemispheric inhibition in unilateral stroke". Clin Neurophysiol. 2021 Feb;132(2):690-691. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.10.004. Epub 2020 Oct 29. PubMed PMID: 33288405

Lin YL, Potter-Baker KA, Cunningham DA, Li M, Sankarasubramanian V, Lee J, Jones S, Sakaie K, Wang X, Machado AG, Plow EB. Stratifying chronic stroke patients based on the influence of contralesional motor cortices: An inter-hemispheric inhibition study. Clin Neurophysiol. 2020 Oct;131(10):2516-2525. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2020.06.016. Epub 2020 Jul 3. PubMed PMID: 32712080; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7487004.

Cunningham DA, Knutson JS, Sankarasubramanian V, Potter-Baker KA, Machado AG, Plow EB. Bilateral Contralaterally Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation Reveals New Insights Into the Interhemispheric Competition Model in Chronic Stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2019 Sep;33(9):707-717. doi: 10.1177/1545968319863709. Epub 2019 Jul 18. PubMed PMID: 31315515; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6693953.

Boyne P, Meyrose C, Westover J, Whitesel D, Hatter K, Reisman DS, Cunningham D, Carl D, Jansen C, Khoury JC, Gerson M, Kissela B, Dunning K. Exercise intensity affects acute neurotrophic and neurophysiological responses poststroke. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2019 Feb 1;126(2):431-443. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00594.2018. Epub 2018 Dec 20. PubMed PMID: 30571289; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6397406.

Potter-Baker KA, Janini DP, Lin YL, Sankarasubramanian V, Cunningham DA, Varnerin NM, Chabra P, Kilgore KL, Richmond MA, Frost FS, Plow EB. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) paired with massed practice training to promote adaptive plasticity and motor recovery in chronic incomplete tetraplegia: A pilot study. J Spinal Cord Med. 2018 Sep;41(5):503-517. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2017.1361562. Epub 2017 Aug 7. PubMed PMID: 28784042; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6117576.

Potter-Baker KA, Lin YL, Machado AG, Conforto AB, Cunningham DA, Sankarasubramanian V, Sakaie K, Plow EB. Variability of motor evoked potentials in stroke explained by corticospinal pathway integrity. Brain Stimul. 2018 Jul-Aug;11(4):929-931. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.03.004. Epub 2018 Mar 9. PubMed PMID: 29563050.

Lima F, Swift JM, Greene ES, Allen MR, Cunningham DA, Braby LA, Bloomfield SA. Exposure to Low-Dose X-Ray Radiation Alters Bone Progenitor Cells and Bone Microarchitecture. Radiat Res. 2017 Oct;188(4):433-442. doi: 10.1667/RR14414.1. Epub 2017 Aug 3. PubMed PMID: 28771086.

Sankarasubramanian V, Machado AG, Conforto AB, Potter-Baker KA, Cunningham DA, Varnerin NM, Wang X, Sakaie K, Plow EB. Inhibition versus facilitation of contralesional motor cortices in stroke: Deriving a model to tailor brain stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol. 2017 Jun;128(6):892-902. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.03.030. Epub 2017 Mar 21. PubMed PMID: 28402865; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5493996.

Varnerin N, Mirando D, Potter-Baker KA, Cardenas J, Cunningham DA, Sankarasubramanian V, Beall E, Plow EB. Assessment of Vascular Stent Heating with Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2017 May;26(5):1121-1127. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2016.12.030. Epub 2017 Jan 20. PubMed PMID: 28117211

Sankarasubramanian V, Cunningham DA, Potter-Baker KA, Beall EB, Roelle SM, Varnerin NM, Machado AG, Jones SE, Lowe MJ, Plow EB. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Targeting Primary Motor Versus Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortices: Proof-of-Concept Study Investigating Functional Connectivity of Thalamocortical Networks Specific to Sensory-Affective Information Processing. Brain Connect. 2017 Apr;7(3):182-196. doi: 10.1089/brain.2016.0440. PubMed PMID: 28142257; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5399740.

Cunningham DA, Roelle SM, Allexandre D, Potter-Baker KA, Sankarasubramanian V, Knutson JS, Yue GH, Machado AG, Plow EB. The effect of motor overflow on bimanual asymmetric force coordination. Exp Brain Res. 2017 Apr;235(4):1097-1105. doi: 10.1007/s00221-016-4867-2. Epub 2017 Jan 16. PubMed PMID: 28091708; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5350018.

Potter-Baker KA, Janini DP, Frost FS, Chabra P, Varnerin N, Cunningham DA, Sankarasubramanian V, Plow EB. Reliability of TMS metrics in patients with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2016 Nov;54(11):980-990. doi: 10.1038/sc.2016.47. Epub 2016 Apr 5. PubMed PMID: 27045553.

Cunningham DA. Noninvasive brain stimulation enhances sustained muscle contractions by reducing neuromuscular fatigue: implications for rehabilitation. J Neurophysiol. 2017 Mar 1;117(3):1215-1217. doi: 10.1152/jn.00468.2016. Epub 2016 Jul 20. Review. PubMed PMID: 27440245; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5349326.

Cunningham DA*, Janini D*, Wyant A, Bonnett C, Varnerin N, Sankarasubramanian V, Potter-Baker KA, Roelle S, Wang X, Siemionow V, Yue GH, Plow EB. Post-exercise depression following submaximal and maximal isometric voluntary contraction. Neuroscience. 2016 Jun 21;326:95-104. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.060. Epub 2016 Apr 4. PubMed PMID: 27058145; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC7062044.

Potter-Baker KA, Varnerin NM, Cunningham DA, Roelle SM, Sankarasubramanian V, Bonnett CE, Machado AG, Conforto AB, Sakaie K, Plow EB. Influence of Corticospinal Tracts from Higher Order Motor Cortices on Recruitment Curve Properties in Stroke. Front Neurosci. 2016;10:79. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00079. eCollection 2016. PubMed PMID: 27013942; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4781847.

Potter-Baker KA, Bonnett CE, Chabra P, Roelle S, Varnerin N, Cunningham DA, Sankarasubramanian V, Pundik S, Conforto AB, Machado AG, Plow EB. Challenges in Recruitment for the Study of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Stroke: Lessons from Deep Brain Stimulation. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2016 Apr;25(4):927-37. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.12.044. Epub 2016 Feb 2. PubMed PMID: 26851211; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4799781.

Plow EB, Sankarasubramanian V, Cunningham DA, Potter-Baker K, Varnerin N, Cohen LG, Sterr A, Conforto AB, Machado AG. Models to Tailor Brain Stimulation Therapies in Stroke. Neural Plast. 2016;2016:4071620. doi: 10.1155/2016/4071620. Epub 2016 Feb 23. Review. PubMed PMID: 27006833; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4781989.

Potter-Baker KA, Bonnett CE, Chabra P, Roelle S, Varnerin N, Cunningham DA, Sankarasubramanian V, Pundik S, Conforto AB, Machado A, Plow EB. A game of hide and seek: Is it possible to recruit more patients for NIBS studies in stroke?. J Neurol Sci. 2015 Nov 15;358(1-2):472-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.08.030. Epub 2015 Aug 21. PubMed PMID: 26320611; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4629798.

Cunningham DA, Potter-Baker KA, Knutson JS, Sankarasubramanian V, Machado AG, Plow EB. Tailoring Brain Stimulation to the Nature of Rehabilitative Therapies in Stroke: A Conceptual Framework Based on their Unique Mechanisms of Recovery. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2015 Nov;26(4):759-74. doi: 10.1016/j.pmr.2015.07.001. Epub 2015 Sep 9. Review. PubMed PMID: 26522911; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4630680.

Sankarasubramanian V, Roelle SM, Bonnett CE, Janini D, Varnerin NM, Cunningham DA, Sharma JS, Potter-Baker KA, Wang X, Yue GH, Plow EB. Reproducibility of transcranial magnetic stimulation metrics in the study of proximal upper limb muscles. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2015 Oct;25(5):754-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2015.05.006. Epub 2015 Jun 14. PubMed PMID: 26111434; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4554836.

Cunningham DA, Machado A, Janini D, Varnerin N, Bonnett C, Yue G, Jones S, Lowe M, Beall E, Sakaie K, Plow EB. Assessment of inter-hemispheric imbalance using imaging and noninvasive brain stimulation in patients with chronic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015 Apr;96(4 Suppl):S94-103. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.07.419. Epub 2014 Sep 3. PubMed PMID: 25194451; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4348350.

Page SJ, Cunningham DA, Plow E, Blazak B. It takes two: noninvasive brain stimulation combined with neurorehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015 Apr;96(4 Suppl):S89-93. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.09.019. PubMed PMID: 25813373; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4445084.

Cunningham DA, Varnerin N, Machado A, Bonnett C, Janini D, Roelle S, Potter-Baker K, Sankarasubramanian V, Wang X, Yue G, Plow EB. Stimulation targeting higher motor areas in stroke rehabilitation: A proof-of-concept, randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled study of effectiveness and underlying mechanisms. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2015;33(6):911-26. doi: 10.3233/RNN-150574. PubMed PMID: 26484700; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4732280.

Downs ME, Hackney KJ, Martin D, Caine TL, Cunningham D, O'Connor DP, Ploutz-Snyder LL. Acute vascular and cardiovascular responses to blood flow-restricted exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014 Aug;46(8):1489-97. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000253. PubMed PMID: 24389514.

Plow EB, Varnerin N, Cunningham DA, Janini D, Bonnett C, Wyant A, Hou J, Siemionow V, Wang XF, Machado AG, Yue GH. Age-related weakness of proximal muscle studied with motor cortical mapping: a TMS study. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e89371. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089371. eCollection 2014. PubMed PMID: 24586726; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3931763.

Plow EB, Cunningham DA, Bonnett C, Gohar D, Bayram M, Wyant A, Varnerin N, Mamone B, Siemionow V, Hou J, Machado A, Yue GH. Neurophysiological correlates of aging-related muscle weakness. J Neurophysiol. 2013 Dec;110(11):2563-73. doi: 10.1152/jn.00205.2013. Epub 2013 Sep 11. PubMed PMID: 24027104; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3882769.

Plow EB, Cunningham DA, Beall E, Jones S, Wyant A, Bonnett C, Yue GH, Lowe M, Wang XF, Sakaie K, Machado A. Effectiveness and neural mechanisms associated with tDCS delivered to premotor cortex in stroke rehabilitation: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2013 Oct 12;14:331. doi: 10.1186/1745-6215-14-331. PubMed PMID: 24119615; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3852558.

Cunningham DA, Machado A, Yue GH, Carey JR, Plow EB. Functional somatotopy revealed across multiple cortical regions using a model of complex motor task. Brain Res. 2013 Sep 19;1531:25-36. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.050. Epub 2013 Aug 3. PubMed PMID: 23920009; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3931839.